A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome
The genomic data suggest that Neandertals mixed with modern human ancestors some 120,000 years ago, leaving traces of Ne andertal DNA in contemporary humans, suggesting that gene flow from Neand Bertals into the ancestors of non-Africans occurred before the divergence of Eurasian groups from each other.
Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA evolution in animals: amplification and sequencing with conserved primers.
The polymerase chain reaction is used to amplify homologous segments of mtDNA from more than 100 animal species, including mammals, birds, amphibians, fishes, and some invertebrates, and the unexpectedly wide taxonomic utility of these primers offers opportunities for phylogenetic and population research.
Distribution, silencing potential and evolutionary impact of promoter DNA methylation in the human genome
- Michael WeberInes Hellmann D. Schübeler
- 4 March 2007
Biology
Results show that promoter sequence and gene function are major predictors of promoter methylation states and that inactive unmethylated CpG island promoters show elevated levels of dimethylation of Lys4 of histone H3, suggesting that this chromatin mark may protect DNA from methylation.
The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 genomes from 142 diverse populations
- Swapan MallickHeng Li D. Reich
- 7 July 2016
Biology
It is demonstrated that indigenous Australians, New Guineans and Andamanese do not derive substantial ancestry from an early dispersal of modern humans; instead, their modern human ancestry is consistent with coming from the same source as that of other non-Africans.
Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia
A tooth found in Denisova Cave carries a mitochondrial genome highly similar to that of the finger bone, further indicating that Denisovans have an evolutionary history distinct from Neanderthals and modern humans.
A High-Coverage Genome Sequence from an Archaic Denisovan Individual
- M. MeyerMartin Kircher S. Pääbo
- 12 October 2012
Biology
The genomic sequence provides evidence for very low rates of heterozygosity in the Denisova, probably not because of recent inbreeding, but instead because of a small population size, and illuminates the relationships between humans and archaics, including Neandertals, and establishes a catalog of genetic changes within the human lineage.
Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans
- Max IngmanH. KaessmannS. PääboU. Gyllensten
- 7 December 2000
Biology
The global mtDNA diversity in humans is described based on analyses of the complete mtDNA sequence of 53 humans of diverse origins, providing a concurrent view on human evolution with respect to the age of modern humans.
The complete genome sequence of a Neandertal from the Altai Mountains
- Kay PrüferF. Racimo S. Pääbo
- 18 December 2013
Biology, History
It is shown that interbreeding, albeit of low magnitude, occurred among many hominin groups in the Late Pleistocene and a definitive list of substitutions that became fixed in modern humans after their separation from the ancestors of Neanderthals and Denisovans is established.
The evolution of gene expression levels in mammalian organs
- D. BrawandM. Soumillon H. Kaessmann
- 20 October 2011
Biology
It is shown that the rate of gene expression evolution varies among organs, lineages and chromosomes, owing to differences in selective pressures: transcriptome change was slow in nervous tissues and rapid in testes, slower in rodents than in apes and monotremes, and rapid for the X chromosome right after its formation.
Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
- Iosif LazaridisN. Patterson J. Krause
- 23 December 2013
Biology, History
It is shown that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west Europeanhunter-gatherer related ancestry.
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