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Gina Haspel

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Gina Haspel
Official portrait, 2017
7th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
In office
May 21, 2018 – January 20, 2021
Acting: April 26, 2018 – May 21, 2018
PresidentDonald Trump
DeputyVaughn Bishop
Preceded byMike Pompeo
Succeeded byBill Burns
6th Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
In office
February 2, 2017 – May 21, 2018
PresidentDonald Trump
Preceded byDavid Cohen
Succeeded byVaughn Bishop
Director of the National Clandestine Service
Acting
February 28, 2013 – May 7, 2013
PresidentBarack Obama
Preceded byJohn Bennett
Succeeded byFrank Archibald
Personal details
BornGina Cheri Walker
(1956-10-01) October 1, 1956 (age 69)
Ashland, Kentucky, U.S.
Spouse
Jeff Haspel
​
​
(m. 1976; div. 1985)​
EducationUniversity of Kentucky
University of Louisville (BA)
Northeastern University (Cert)
AwardsPresidential Rank Award
Donovan Award
Intelligence Medal of Merit
Gina Haspel's voice
Haspel's opening statement at her confirmation hearing to be CIA director
Recorded May 9, 2018

Gina Cheri Walker Haspel (born October 1, 1956) is an American national security expert who was the seventh director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from May 21, 2018, to January 20, 2021. She was the agency's deputy director from 2017 to 2018 under Mike Pompeo, and became acting director on April 26, 2018, after Pompeo became U.S. secretary of state. She was later nominated and confirmed to the role, making her the first woman to become CIA director on a permanent basis.[1]

Early life

[edit]

Haspel was born Gina Cheri Walker on October 1, 1956, in Ashland, Kentucky.[2][3][4] Her father served in the United States Air Force.[4] She has four siblings.[4]

Haspel attended high school in the United Kingdom.[4] She was a student at the University of Kentucky for three years and transferred for her senior year to the University of Louisville, where she graduated in May 1978[3] with a Bachelor of Science in languages and journalism.[4] From 1980 to 1981, she worked as a civilian library coordinator at Fort Devens in Massachusetts. She received a paralegal certificate from Northeastern University in 1982 and worked as a paralegal until she was hired by the CIA.[3][5][6]

Early career

[edit]
Career timeline

Early CIA career

[edit]

Haspel joined the CIA in January 1985 as a reports officer.[2][7] She held several undercover overseas positions.[8][9] Her first field assignment was from 1987 to 1989 in Ethiopia,[7][10] Central Eurasia,[7] Turkey,[2] followed by several assignments in Europe and Central Eurasia from 1990 to 2001.[7][11] From 1996 to 1998, Haspel served as station chief in Baku, Azerbaijan.[12]

From 2001 to 2003, her position was listed as Deputy Group Chief, Counterterrorism Center.[7]

Between October and December 2002, Haspel was assigned to oversee a secret CIA prison in Thailand Detention Site GREEN, code-named Cat's Eye, which housed persons suspected of involvement in Al-Qaeda. The prison was part of the US government's "extraordinary rendition" program after the September 11 attacks, and used torture techniques such as waterboarding. According to a former senior CIA official, Haspel arrived as station chief after the interrogation of Abu Zubaydah but was chief during the waterboarding of Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri.[11]

On January 8, 2019, Carol Rosenberg, of the Miami Herald, reported that partially redacted transcripts from a pre-trial hearing of Guantanamo Military Commission of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, seemed to indicate that Haspel had been the "Chief of Base" of a clandestine CIA detention site on the Guantanamo Bay Naval Station, in the 2003–2004 period.[13][14]

Torture and destruction of evidence controversy

[edit]
Memo on Haspel's involvement in destruction of tapes

She has attracted controversy for her involvement in the use of torture in 2002, as Deputy Group Chief of the Counterterrorism Mission Center. During that year, she was chief of a CIA black site in Thailand where prisoners were tortured[15][16][17] with so-called "enhanced interrogation techniques", including waterboarding.[15][16][17][18][19] At that time, the Bush Administration considered the techniques legal based on a set of secret, now-rescinded legal opinions which expansively defined executive authority and narrowly defined torture.[20][21] Haspel's involvement was confirmed in August 2018 when a Freedom of Information lawsuit by the George Washington University-based National Security Archive brought to light CIA cables either authorized or written by Haspel while base chief at the Thailand black site. The cables describe acts of deliberate physical torture of detainees, including waterboarding and confinement,[22] which Haspel personally observed.[23]

In late October 2002, Haspel became chief of base for that "black site" CIA prison located in Thailand.[24][25] She worked at a site that was codenamed "Cat's Eye", which would later become known as the place where suspected al Qaeda terrorist members Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri and Abu Zubaydah were detained and tortured with waterboarding.[8][26] In early February 2017, The New York Times and ProPublica reported that these waterboardings were both conducted under Haspel.[27][28] In March 2018, US officials said Haspel was not involved in the torture of Zubaydah, as she only became chief of base after Zubaydah was tortured. ProPublica and The New York Times issued corrections to their stories but noted that Haspel was involved in the torture of al-Nashiri.[25][27] In August 2018, cables from the site, dating from November 2002 and likely authorized by if not written by Haspel, were released due to a Freedom of Information lawsuit, and described the torture of Nashiri in detail, including slamming him against a wall, confining him to a small box, waterboarding him, and depriving him of sleep and clothing, while threatening to turn him over to others who would kill him. Interrogators involved would also call Nashiri "a little girl", "a spoiled little rich Saudi", and a "sissy".[29]

Haspel played a role in the destruction of 92 interrogation videotapes that showed the torture of detainees both at the black site she ran and at other secret agency locations.[25][30][31] A partially-declassified CIA document shows that the instruction for a new method of record keeping at the black site in Thailand, re-recording over the videos, took place in late October 2002, soon after Haspel's arrival.[32][33]

In December 2014, the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR), a non-governmental organization that uses litigation to seek enforcement of human rights, asked that criminal charges be brought against unidentified CIA operatives after the US Senate Select Committee published its report on torture by US intelligence agencies.[34] On June 7, 2017, the ECCHR called on the Public Prosecutor General of Germany to issue an arrest warrant against Haspel over claims she oversaw the torture of terrorism suspects. The accusation against her was centered on the case of Saudi national Abu Zubaydah.[35][36][37][38][39] No such arrest warrant was issued.[40]

On May 1, 2018, Spencer Ackerman, writing in The Daily Beast, reported that former CIA analyst Gail Helt had been told some of the controversial torture recordings had not been destroyed, after all.[41] On May 9, 2018, the day prior to Haspel's confirmation vote, The New York Times reported that Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, architect of the 9/11 attacks, requested to submit six paragraphs of information for the Senate committee to review before its vote.[42] She testified many years later to the U.S. Senate about this subject:[43]

I don't believe that torture works....Having served in that tumultuous time, I can offer you my personal commitment, clearly and without reservation, that under my leadership CIA will not restart such a detention and interrogation program.

After her service in Thailand, she served from 2004 to 2005 as Deputy Chief of the CIA's National Resources Division.[7][10]she served as an operations officer in Counterterrorism Center near Washington, D.C.[7] She later served as the CIA's station chief in London and, in 2011, New York.[11][44]

National Clandestine Service leadership

[edit]

Haspel served as the deputy director of the National Clandestine Service, deputy director of the National Clandestine Service for Foreign Intelligence and Covert Action, and chief of staff for the director of the National Clandestine Service.[9]

In 2005, Haspel was the chief of staff to Jose Rodriguez, Director of the National Clandestine Service. In his memoir, Rodriguez wrote that Haspel had drafted a cable in 2005 ordering the destruction of dozens of videotapes made at the black site in Thailand in response to mounting public scrutiny of the program.[11][26] At the Senate confirmation hearing considering her nomination to head the CIA, Haspel explained that the tapes had been destroyed in order to protect the identities of CIA officers whose faces were visible, at a time when leaks of US intelligence were rampant.[45]

In 2013, John Brennan, then the director of Central Intelligence, named Haspel as acting director of the National Clandestine Service, which carries out covert operations around the globe.[46] However, she was not appointed to the position permanently due to criticism about her involvement in the Rendition, Detention and Interrogation program.[47] Her permanent appointment was opposed by Dianne Feinstein and others in the Senate.[11][44]

Deputy Director of the CIA

[edit]

On February 2, 2017, President Trump appointed Haspel Deputy Director of the CIA,[48] a position that does not require Senate confirmation.[8] In an official statement released that day, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence Chairman Devin Nunes (R-CA) said:[49]

With more than thirty years of service to the CIA and extensive overseas experience, Gina has worked closely with the House Intelligence Committee and has impressed us with her dedication, forthrightness, and her deep commitment to the Intelligence Community. She is undoubtedly the right person for the job, and the Committee looks forward to working with her in the future.

On February 8, 2017, several members of the Senate intelligence committee urged Trump to reconsider his appointment of Haspel as deputy director.[50] Senator Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) quoted colleagues Ron Wyden (D-OR) and Martin Heinrich (D-NM) who were on the committee:

I am especially concerned by reports that this individual was involved in the unauthorized destruction of CIA interrogation videotapes, which documented the CIA's use of torture against two CIA detainees. My colleagues Senators Wyden and Heinrich have stated that classified information details why the newly appointed Deputy Director is 'unsuitable' for the position and have requested that this information is declassified. I join their request.

On February 15, 2017, Spencer Ackerman reported on psychologists Bruce Jessen and James Mitchell, the architects of the "enhanced interrogation" program that was designed to break Zubaydah and was subsequently used on other detainees at the CIA's secret prisons around the world. Jessen and Mitchell are being sued by Sulaiman Abdulla Salim, Mohamed Ahmed Ben Soud, and Obaid Ullah over torture designed by the psychologists. Jessen and Mitchell are seeking to compel Haspel, and her colleague James Cotsana, to testify on their behalf.[51][52]

Director of the CIA

[edit]

Nomination

[edit]
Haspel's letter to Sen. Warner

On March 13, 2018, President Donald Trump announced that he would nominate Haspel to be the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, replacing Mike Pompeo, who he had tapped to become the new Secretary of State.[53] Once confirmed by the Senate,[54] Haspel became the first woman to serve as permanent Director of the CIA (Meroe Park served as Associate Deputy Director from 2013 to 2017, and acting director for three days in January 2017).[55][56] Robert Baer, who once supervised Haspel at the CIA, found her to be "smart, tough, and effective. Foreign liaison services who have worked with her uniformly walked away impressed.".[57]

Republican senator Rand Paul said that he would oppose the nomination, saying: "To really appoint the head cheerleader for waterboarding to be head of the CIA? I mean, how could you trust somebody who did that to be in charge of the CIA? To read of her glee during the waterboarding is just absolutely appalling."[58] Soon after Paul made this statement, the allegation that Haspel had mocked those being interrogated was retracted. Doug Stafford, an aide for Paul, said: "According to multiple published, undisputed accounts, she oversaw a black site and she further destroyed evidence of torture. This should preclude her from ever running the CIA."[59]

Republican senator and former presidential candidate John McCain called on Haspel to provide a detailed account of her participation in the CIA's detention program from 2001 to 2009, including whether she directed the use of so-called "enhanced interrogation techniques" and to clarify her role in the 2005 destruction of interrogation videotapes.[60][61][62] In the Senate, McCain was a staunch opponent of torture, having been tortured as a prisoner of war in North Vietnam. McCain further called upon Haspel to commit to declassifying the 2014 Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture.

Multiple senators have criticized the CIA for what they believe is selectivity in declassifying superficial and positive information about her career to generate positive coverage, while simultaneously refusing to declassify any "meaningful" information about her career.[63][64]

Support from the intelligence community

[edit]

More than 50 former senior U.S. government officials, including six former Directors of the CIA and three former directors of national intelligence, signed a letter supporting her nomination. They included former Directors of the CIA John Brennan, Leon Panetta and Michael Morell, former Director of the NSA and CIA Michael Hayden, and former Director of National Intelligence James Clapper.[65][66][67] In April, a group of 109 retired generals and admirals signed a letter expressing "profound concern" over Haspel's nomination due to her record and alleged involvement in the CIA's use of torture and the subsequent destruction of evidence.[68] Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting criticized press coverage that portrayed Haspel's nomination as a victory for feminism.[69] On May 10, The Washington Post Editorial Board expressed its opposition to Haspel's nomination for not condemning the CIA's now-defunct torture program as immoral.[70] On May 12, the first two Senate Democrats, Joe Donnelly of Indiana and Joe Manchin of West Virginia, announced their support for Haspel's nomination.[71]

Confirmation

[edit]

On May 9, 2018, Haspel appeared before the Senate Intelligence Committee for a confirmation hearing.[72]

On May 14, Haspel sent a letter to Senator Mark Warner of Virginia stating that, in hindsight, the CIA should not have operated its interrogation and detention program.[73] Shortly thereafter, Warner announced he would back Haspel when the Senate Intelligence Committee voted on whether to refer her nomination to the full Senate.[73]

She was approved for confirmation by the Senate Intelligence Committee on May 16 by a 10–5 vote, with two Democrats voting in favor.[74] The next day, Haspel was confirmed by the full Senate, on a mostly party-line, 54–45 vote.[75] Paul and Jeff Flake of Arizona were the only Republican nays, and six Democrats — Donnelly, Manchin, Warner, Heidi Heitkamp of North Dakota, Bill Nelson of Florida, and Jeanne Shaheen of New Hampshire — voted yes.[76] McCain, who had urged his colleagues to reject her nomination, did not cast a vote, as he was hospitalized at the time.[76]

Tenure

[edit]
Haspel in a meeting with President Donald Trump, John Bolton, and Dan Coats, January 2019

Haspel was officially sworn in on May 21, 2018, becoming the first woman to serve as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency on a permanent basis.

On January 29, 2019, during a Senate Intelligence Committee hearing, Haspel reported that the CIA was "pleased" with the first Trump administration's March 2018 expulsion of 61 Russian diplomats following the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal. Haspel added that the CIA did not object to the Treasury Department's decision in December 2018 to remove sanctions on three Russian companies tied to Russian oligarch Oleg Deripaska, a close associate of Russian President Vladimir Putin. On the subject of recent relations between North Korea and the United States, Haspel stated, "I think our analysts would assess that they value the dialogue with the United States, and we do see indications that Kim Jong-un is trying to navigate a path toward some kind of better future for the North Korean people."[77]

By May 2019, Haspel had hired many women in senior positions.[78]

In December 2020, she became the subject of a death hoax. According to social media claims, Haspel was either killed, injured, or arrested in a CIA raid on a server farm in Frankfurt. Several fact-checking projects debunked these claims, and were unable to find any evidence that Haspel had died or that a raid had taken place.[79][80][81] The CIA announced her retirement after 36 years of service, via a tweet, on January 19, 2021, one day prior to the presidential transition from Trump to Joe Biden.[82][83] William J. Burns had been selected by Biden on January 11 to succeed Haspel pending Senate confirmation.[84] Burns was sworn in as the new director on March 19, 2021.

After retiring from the CIA, Haspel [85] joined the law firm King & Spalding in July 2021, where she has advised clients on information technology and cybersecurity.[86] As of 2024, her title at King & Spalding was "Senior National Security Advisor."[87]

Awards and recognition

[edit]

Haspel has received a number of awards, including the George H. W. Bush Award for excellence in counterterrorism,[88] the Donovan Award, the Intelligence Medal of Merit, and the Presidential Rank Award[9]

Personal life

[edit]

Haspel married Jeff Haspel, who served in the United States Army, c. 1976; they were divorced in 1985.[2][4][89] She resides in Ashburn, Virginia.[90]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Gina Haspel Sworn in as First Female CIA Director - CIA". www.cia.gov. Retrieved August 22, 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d "CIA chief Gina Haspel faces a grilling". The Australian. March 18, 2018. Even the most basic facts about Ms Haspel's life are hard to establish. She was born Gina Cherie [sic] Walker in Kentucky in 1956. At 20, she married Jeff Haspel, an army officer, but they were divorced by the time she joined the CIA in 1985 as a reports officer, specializing in Russia. By 1988, she was listed as "acting head of administration" at the US embassy in Addis Ababa. ... Her subsequent postings remain classified but she was based in Ankara in 2003 and was CIA station chief in New York.
  3. ^ a b c "Haspel's nomination questionnaire" (PDF). Senate Intelligence Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 9, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Youssef, Nancy A. (March 22, 2018). "CIA Fills In Some Blanks on Gina Haspel's Secret Life". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved March 22, 2018. She became a spy before the internet age and remained in that secret life for three decades, leaving behind no digital profile. ... So it falls to the agency to share something about her and her interests.
  5. ^ Myre, Greg (April 20, 2018). "The CIA Introduces Gina Haspel After Her Long Career Undercover". NPR. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  6. ^ "Get to Know our Deputy Director". CIA. March 23, 2018. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Gazis, Olivia (May 1, 2018). "CIA Director nominee Gina Haspel: CIA releases timeline of her clandestine career". CBS News. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
  8. ^ a b c Toosi, Nahal (February 2, 2017). "Trump taps former 'black site' prison operator for CIA deputy". Politico.
  9. ^ a b c "Gina Haspel". Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on March 14, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  10. ^ a b Stein, Jeff (March 13, 2018). "Trump's new CIA Director Nominee embraced Waterboarding, but Torture not likely to return at the Agency". Newsweek. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  11. ^ a b c d e Goldman, Adam (March 13, 2018). "Gina Haspel, Trump's Choice for C.I.A., Played Role in Torture Program". The New York Times. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  12. ^ "Current CIA Director acquired first assignment as station chief in Baku, Azerbaijan". Eurasia Diary. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
  13. ^ Carol Rosenberg (January 8, 2019). "Did CIA Director Gina Haspel run a black site at Guantánamo?". McClatchy News Service. Guantanamo. Archived from the original on January 8, 2019. The claim by Rita Radostitz, a lawyer for Khalid Sheik Mohammed, appears in one paragraph of a partially redacted transcript of a secret hearing held at Guantánamo on Nov. 16. Defense lawyers were arguing, in a motion that ultimately failed, that Haspel's role at the prison precludes the possibility of a fair trial for the men accused of orchestrating the 9/11 attacks who were also held for years in covert CIA prisons.
  14. ^ "Redacted-transcript-of-closed-9-11-trial-hearing". Guantanamo Military Commission. November 16, 2018. Archived from the original on January 8, 2019. Retrieved January 8, 2019. And so again, our evidence here is that there is a change, a significant change, a sea change in the classification guidance once Gina Haspel becomes in a position of power within the CIA. And we don 't know for sure, and we cannot tell you for sure that she is who requested that change in the classification guidance. Media related to File:Redacted-transcript-of-closed-9-11-trial-hearing (2018-11-16).pdf at Wikimedia Commons
  15. ^ a b Holpuch, Amanda (March 13, 2018). "Who is Gina Haspel? Trump's pick for CIA chief linked to torture site". The Guardian.
  16. ^ a b Allen, Nick (March 13, 2018). "Gina Haspel: Donald Trump's new CIA director ran torture site in Thailand". The Daily Telegraph.
  17. ^ a b Washington, Boer Deng (March 14, 2018). "New CIA chief Gina Haspel helped run torture site in Thailand". The Times.
  18. ^ Ward, Alex (March 13, 2018). "Gina Haspel, Trump's CIA director pick, oversaw the torture of dozens of people". Vox.
  19. ^ Mora, Alberto (March 15, 2018). "Gina Haspel Is a Torturer. What Else Does the Senate Need to Know?". Politico Magazine. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
  20. ^ Peralta, Eyder (December 16, 2014). "'Torture Report': A Closer Look At When And What President Bush Knew". NPR. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
  21. ^ "Bush on waterboarding: 'Damn right'". CNN. November 5, 2010. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
  22. ^ Blanton, Tom, ed. (August 10, 2018). "Gina Haspel CIA Torture Cables Declassified". National Security Archive. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  23. ^ Rosenberg, Carol; Barnes, Julian E. (June 3, 2022). "Gina Haspel Observed Waterboarding at C.I.A. Black Site, Psychologist Testifies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 4, 2022.
  24. ^ Riechmann, Deb (February 2, 2017). "Seasoned spymaster linked to waterboarding named CIA deputy". San Francisco Chronicle. AP. Archived from the original on February 28, 2017.
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  26. ^ a b Miller, Greg (February 2, 2017). "CIA officer with ties to 'black sites' named deputy director". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  27. ^ a b Rosenberg, Matthew (February 2, 2017). "Gina Haspel, C.I.A. Deputy Director, Had Role in Torture". The New York Times. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
  28. ^ Bonner, Raymond (February 22, 2017). "CIA Cables Detail Its New Deputy Director's Role in Torture". ProPublica. Archived from the original on February 22, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
  29. ^ Barnes, Julian; Shane, Scott (August 10, 2018). "Cables Detail C.I.A. Waterboarding at Secret Prison Run by Gina Haspel". The New York Times. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  30. ^ Mazzetti, Mark (December 7, 2007). "C.I.A. Destroyed 2 Tapes Showing Interrogations". The New York Times.
  31. ^ Parton, Heather Digby (March 17, 2018). "New Report on CIA Nominee Gina Haspel May Rescue Her – But It Shouldn't". Salon.com. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
  32. ^ Prados, John (May 9, 2018). "The CIA Black Sites Program and the Gina Haspel Nomination". The National Security Archive.
  33. ^ "The National Security Archive". nsarchive2.gwu.edu.
  34. ^ Pitter, Laura (December 1, 2015). "No More Excuses". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved December 7, 2022.
  35. ^ Knight, Ben (June 7, 2017). "NGO seeks arrest warrant for Donald Trump's deputy CIA director". Deutsche Welle.
  36. ^ Jordans, Frank (June 7, 2017). "Rights Group Asks Germany to Arrest CIA Deputy Director". U.S. News & World Report. AP.
  37. ^ Fuchs, Christian (June 7, 2017). "CIA: Trump's Darling". Die Zeit.
  38. ^ Miller, Greg; Harris, Shane (March 13, 2018). "Gina Haspel, Trump's pick for CIA director, tied to use of brutal interrogation measures". The Washington Post.
  39. ^ O'Brien, Cortney (March 13, 2018). "Critics Label Trump's New CIA Director a 'War Criminal'". Townhall. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  40. ^ Garcia, Arturo. "Is There a Warrant for CIA Director Nominee Gina Haspel's Arrest?", Snopes (19 Mar 2018).
  41. ^ Spencer Ackerman (May 1, 2018). "Ex-CIA Official Says Some Torture Videotapes May Still Exist". Daily Beast. Retrieved May 1, 2018. But the now-retired analyst, Gail Helt, said she memorialized their conversation in a notebook she kept at the time, a copy of which The Daily Beast has seen. Haspel's nomination has compelled her to disclose what she heard, Helt said.
  42. ^ Savage, Charlie (May 8, 2018). "9/11 Planner, Tortured by C.I.A., Asks to Tell Senators About Gina Haspel". The New York Times. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
  43. ^ Chappell, Bill. "Don't Believe That Torture Works,' CIA Nominee Gina Haspel Tells Senators, NPR (9 May 2018).
  44. ^ a b Mazzetti, Mark (May 7, 2013). "New Head of C.I.A.'s Clandestine Service Is Chosen". The New York Times. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  45. ^ Taddonio, Patrice (May 9, 2018). "CIA Director Nominee Supported Destruction of Torture Tapes". Frontline. PBS. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  46. ^ Filkins, Dexter (February 3, 2017). "The New CIA Deputy Chief's Black-Site Past". The New Yorker. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  47. ^ Miller, Greg (May 7, 2013). "National Security CIA selects new head of clandestine service, passing over female officer". The Washington Post.
  48. ^ Johnson, Tim (February 2, 2017). "New CIA deputy director is 1st career female officer in the post". Miami Herald. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  49. ^ Nunes, Devin (February 2, 2017). "Nunes Statement on Appointment of Gina Haspel as CIA Deputy Director" (Press release). US House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Archived from the original on March 14, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  50. ^ Katie Bo Williams (February 8, 2017). "Third Dem urges removal of Trump's pick for top CIA deputy". The Hill. Archived from the original on February 10, 2017. Retrieved February 14, 2017. Trump's pick of 30-year veteran Gina Haspel to serve as deputy director of the CIA – which is not a Senate-confirmable position – has reinvigorated fears that the administration is weighing a return to the use of banned techniques now considered torture, such as waterboarding and sleep deprivation.
  51. ^ Spencer Ackerman (February 15, 2017). "Deputy CIA director could face court deposition over post-9/11 role in torture". The Guardian. Retrieved February 15, 2017. In a court filing on Tuesday, attorneys for two CIA contract psychologists who helped design the agency's brutal interrogations for terrorism suspects have asked a federal judge to order Gina Haspel, a career CIA officer recently appointed as the agency's No2 official, to provide a deposition discussing her allegedly pivotal involvement in an episode the CIA has tried repeatedly to put behind it.
  52. ^ Spencer Ackerman (February 22, 2017). "DoJ moves to prevent CIA official from detailing role in Bush-era torture". New York City: The Guardian (UK). Retrieved March 27, 2017. The government asked the court to permit it to formally submit on 8 March its state-secrets argument preventing them and another CIA witness, James Cotsana, from being deposed. It is believed to be the first assertion of the state secrets privilege under the Trump administration.
  53. ^ Vitali, Ali; Mitchell, Andrea (March 13, 2018). "Trump fires Rex Tillerson, selects Mike Pompeo as new Secretary of State". NBC News. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
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  56. ^ @realdonaldtrump (March 13, 2018). "Mike Pompeo, Director of the CIA, will become our new Secretary of State. He will do a fantastic job! Thank you to Rex Tillerson for his service! Gina Haspel will become the new Director of the CIA, and the first woman so chosen. Congratulations to all!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on March 13, 2018 – via Twitter.
  57. ^ Baer, Robert (March 19, 2018). "Gina Haspel Used To Work For Me. She's A Great Choice For CIA Director". NPR. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
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  62. ^ Frank, Thomas (March 23, 2018). "Fatima Boudchar Was Bound, Gagged And Photographed Naked. John McCain Wants To Know If Gina Haspel's Okay With That". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
  63. ^ Goldman, Adam; Rosenberg, Matthew (April 20, 2018). "How the C.I.A. Is Waging an Influence Campaign to Get Its Next Director Confirmed". The New York Times. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
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