Voiced dental and alveolar trills
A voiced alveolar trill is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental, alveolar, and postalveolar trills is ⟨r⟩. It is commonly called the rolled R, rolling R, or trilled R. Quite often, ⟨r⟩ is used in phonemic transcriptions (especially those found in dictionaries) of languages like English and German that have rhotic consonants that are not an alveolar trill. That is partly for ease of typesetting and partly because ⟨r⟩ is the letter used in the orthographies of such languages.
In many Indo-European languages, a trill may often be reduced to a single vibration in unstressed positions. In Italian, a simple trill typically displays only one or two vibrations, while a geminate trill will have three or more.[1] Languages where trills always have multiple vibrations include Albanian, Spanish, Cypriot Greek, and a number of Armenian and Portuguese dialects.[citation needed]
People with ankyloglossia may find it exceptionally difficult to articulate the sound because of the limited mobility of their tongues.[2][3]
Voiced alveolar trill
[edit]| Voiced alveolar trill | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| r | |||
| IPA number | 122 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | r | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+0072 | ||
| X-SAMPA | r | ||
| Braille |  | ||
| |||
Features
[edit]Features of a voiced alveolar trill:
- Its manner of articulation is trill, which means it is produced by directing air over an articulator so that it vibrates.
- Its place of articulation may be:
- dental (behind the upper front teeth),
- alveolar (at the alveolar ridge), or
- post-alveolar (behind the alveolar ridge).
- It is most often apical, which means it is pronounced with the tip of the tongue.[4]
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- It is a median consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.