Outdoor activity and myopia in Singapore teenage children

@article{Dirani2009OutdoorAA,
  title={Outdoor activity and myopia in Singapore teenage children},
  author={Mohamed Dirani and Louis Tong and Gus Gazzard and Xiaoe Zhang and Audrey Chia and Terri L. Young and Kathryn Rose and Paul Mitchell and Seang Mei Saw},
  journal={British Journal of Ophthalmology},
  year={2009},
  volume={93},
  pages={1000 - 997},
  url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:30301026}
}
Outdoor activity may protect against development of myopia in children, supporting recent Australian data as near work did not predict outdoor activity, and can be viewed as an independent factor and not merely the reciprocal of near work.

Outdoor activity and myopia progression in children: A follow-up study using mixed-effects model

A statistically significant inverse relationship between outdoor activity and myopia is demonstrated, determined by two mixed-effects models.

Time Outdoors and Myopia Progression Over 2 Years in Chinese Children: The Anyang Childhood Eye Study.

There was suggestive evidence that greater time outdoors was associated with slower axial elongation in nonmyopic teenagers, but not in existing myopes.

A Nationwide Study of Myopia in Taiwanese School Children: Family, Activity, and School-Related Factors

To promote healthy vision, nurses should advocate for and implement interventions that increase school children’s time outdoors and in physical activities and reduce their time on near work.

Family history, near work, outdoor activity, and myopia in Singapore Chinese preschool children

Genetic factors may play a more substantial role in the development of early-onset myopia than key environmental factors, and neither near work nor outdoor activity was found to be associated with early myopia.

Effects of Outdoor Activities on Myopia Among Rural School Children in Taiwan

Outdoor activities might be an important protecting factor for myopia in rural school children in Taiwan, and it is suggested that outdoor activity showed significance and was inversely associated with myopia.

Prevalence and Related Factors for Myopia in School-Aged Children in Qingdao

Age, two myopic parents, and continuous near work time without 5 min rest were risk factors for myopia and Outdoor activities had protective effect for myopic.

Near work, outdoor activity, and myopia in children in rural China: the Handan offspring myopia study

No association between near work and myopia was found, except for the high near work subgroup with moderate outdoor activity levels, and a weak protective effect of outdoor activity on myopia in Chinese rural children was observed.

Myopia and Its Association with Near Work, Outdoor Time, and Housing Type among Schoolchildren in South India

Outdoor time, increased near-work/outdoor time ratio, and type of housing were the factors associated with myopia in this cohort of Indian children.

The role of outdoor activity in the development of myopia in schoolchildren.

Outdoor activity slightly reduces the prevalence of myopia in schoolchildren and the spherical equivalent of the examined students significantly increases, but the correlation is very weak.
...

Nearwork in early-onset myopia.

Children aged 7 to 9 years with a greater current reading exposure were more likely to be myopic, and the association of reading and myopia in a young age cohort was greater than the strength of the reading association generally found in older myopic subjects.

Myopia, Lifestyle, and Schooling in Students of Chinese Ethnicity in Singapore and Sydney Study Population

Signs of marked differences in the prevalence of myopia in age-matched students of Chinese origin in 2 distinct physical, social, and educational environments, Singapore and Sydney are document and the risk factor exposures that could contribute to these differences are analyzed.

Parental history of myopia, sports and outdoor activities, and future myopia.

PURPOSE To identify whether parental history of myopia and/or parent-reported children's visual activity levels can predict juvenile-onset myopia. METHODS Survey-based data from Orinda Longitudinal

A cohort study of incident myopia in Singaporean children.

These data provide new prospective evidence of essential links between parental myopia, IQ scores and subsequent myopia development, and reading in books per week was not associated with incident myopia.

IQ and the association with myopia in children.

Nonverbal IQ may be an independent risk factor of myopia, and this relationship may not be explained merely by increased reading (books per week) among myopes, according to an interesting observation.

Parental myopia, near work, school achievement, and children's refractive error.

Hredity was the most important factor associated with juvenile myopia, with smaller independent contributions from more near work, higher school achievement, and less time in sports activity.

Myopia and myopic progression among schoolchildren: a three-year follow-up study.

The factors with the most significant relationships to myopic progression were sex, age of onset, and degree of myopia at the beginning of the follow-up.

Does the level of physical activity in university students influence development and progression of myopia?--a 2-year prospective cohort study.

The results confirm that intensive studying is a risk factor of myopia and that myopic progression or development is more likely in medical students in their early 20s than in their late 20s.

Prevalence of myopia in Taiwanese schoolchildren: 1983 to 2000.

The cause of the relative increasing severity of myopia among the schoolchildren was due to the onset of myopic at a very young, and progressively-decreasing, age over the study period, and more attention should be paid to the eye care of pre-schoolchildren.