Nearwork‐induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopia – is there a link?

@article{Ciuffreda2008NearworkinducedTM,
  title={Nearwork‐induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopia – is there a link?},
  author={Kenneth J. Ciuffreda and Balamurali Vasudevan},
  journal={Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics},
  year={2008},
  volume={28},
  url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28700508}
}
Based on recent converging evidence from clinical, laboratory and modelling studies, a five‐fold argument will be advanced for a possible link between PM and NITM.
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85 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
4
Background Citations
35
Methods Citations
4
Results Citations
4

85 Citations

Nearwork‐induced transient myopia (NITM) following marked and sustained, but interrupted, accommodation at near

The initial magnitude and decay of nearwork‐induced transient myopia (NITM) and its potential additivity, following successive but interrupted periods of marked, sustained accommodation at near in asymptomatic young‐adult myopic subjects are determined.

Nearwork‐induced transient myopia (NITM) in anisometropia

To assess the magnitude of nearwork‐induced transient myopia (NITM) under binocular viewing conditions separately in each eye of individuals with mild to moderate anisometropia to determine the…

Nearwork-induced transient myopia in myopic and non-myopic Indian subjects

Most of the accommodative parameters especially the lag of accommodation and facility of accommodation improved following the surgery and there was no influence of target size and contrast on NITM parameters.

Commentary: Nearwork-induced transient myopia – Is this the game changer?

In a study, 72% patients developed mild asthenopia in the first week after LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis), which decreased to 44% by the end of 1 month, 3% at 6 months, and none after 9 months, suggesting a constant binocular adaptation process of the accommodative apparatus and the nervous system.

Baseline Characteristics of Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia

In a large sample of school-aged children with myopia, the initial NITM magnitude was significantly larger and the decay duration was significantly longer than that observed in age-matched children with either emmetropia or hyperopia.

Editorial: Myopia: its prevalence, origins and control

The hope is that, if the factors driving the development of myopia could be properly understood, it might be possible to develop strategies to retard or even eliminate the refractive change.

Accommodative Training to Reduce Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia

Purpose. To assess changes in the nearwork-induced transient myopia parameters of initial magnitude and its decay duration, as well as accuracy of the near accommodative steady-state response and…

Myopia and daylight—A combination of factors

It is hypothesized that pseudomyopia induced by prolonged close work, stress, and anxiety combines and is further amplified by chronically low ambient light levels, and if time spent outdoors in daylight is restricted, the effects worsen and together may play a significant part in myopia epidemics.

CURRENT METHODS OF MYOPIA CONTROL A LITERATURE REVIEW & UPDATE

Many of the current studies, particularly those involving vision therapy, atropine, pirenzepine, biofeedback, and orthokeratology lenses, should be repeated to quantify the influence on myopia progression.

Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia and Parental Refractive Error

There was no association between parental refractive error and their children’s NITM characteristics, which suggests a primary environmental basis for the NITm characteristics in the children.
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63 References

Nearwork induced transient myopia during myopia progression

The results suggest that nearwork induced transient myopia (NITM) is manifest during the progressive phase of myopia development.

The autonomic control of accommodation and implications for human myopia development: a review

The collective results of this research point to anomalous accommodation responses, possibly as a result of underlying anomalous autonomic input to the ciliary muscle, being involved in myopia development and progression.

Undercorrection of myopia enhances rather than inhibits myopia progression

Differential refractive susceptibility to sustained nearwork

A possible role for nearwork‐induced transient myopia (NITM) in the development and/or progression of permanent myopia has been suggested, and measures may be implemented to prevent or retard the occurrence of myopia in certain refractive groups.

“Starkfest” Vision and Clinic Science Special Issue: Abnormal Transient Myopia in Symptomatic Individuals after Sustained Nearwork

Results showed a large post-task myopic shift, slowed baseline decay, and increased response variability as compared with that found in asymptomatic visually normal individuals, which suggested that this transient distance blur was related to the increased transient myopia resulting from one or more possible abnormalitiesrelated to the accommodative system.

Myopes show increased susceptibility to nearwork aftereffects.

The myopes showed particularly striking accommodatively related nearwork aftereffect susceptibility, suggesting transient pseudomyopia may cause or be a precursor to permanent myopia or myopic progression.

Nearwork-induced transient myopia in preadolescent Hong Kong Chinese.

In a preadolescent ethnic population with known predisposition to myopia, there is a significant posttask blur-driven accommodative NITM, which is sustained for longer than has previously been found in white adults.

The effect of topical β-adrenoceptor antagonists on accommodation in emmetropia and myopia

Vision therapy to reduce abnormal nearwork-induced transient myopia.

Multi-faceted positive effects of optometric accommodative vision therapy in symptomatic individuals manifesting this "abnormal nearwork-induced transient myopia" (ANITM) are demonstrated.

Refractive error, cognitive demand and nearwork-induced transient myopia

The data show that for EOMs the level of cognitive activity operating during the near and far tasks determines the persistence of NITM; persistence being maximal when active cognition at near is followed by passive cognition at far.
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